Khuloud sent me this (I cite with her permission): "Yes, a racialized hierarchy continues to exist today, especially in Saudi Arabia
but beyond for sure (I wonder if your friend has experienced the "brown room" at
any US airport?). I am not sure what your Pakistani-American colleague is
talking about, and wonder if he even bothered read the "transit visa
requirements" on the Saudi embassy's official website, which explicitly
states that you need to apply for a transit visa ahead of time, and that
although you don't need one if your transit time is less than 18 hours, you
still cannot enter the country. I wonder if your colleague even noticed the
frozen lines of non-US-citizen brown people, being treated like animals, or the
fact that there were no women alone in the transit area. Your colleague, as a
brown US citizen, has more rights in the transit area of a Saudi airport than
the majority of Saudi nationals in their own country, not to even mention those
of South Asian or African descent. And he can rest assured, that without his US
citizenship, he would not have escaped without repercussions for the statements
he made. Luck had nothing to do with it. "